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Timeline of Philosophy.excalidraw

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Ancient to Medieval Philosophy

Platonism
(c. 387 BCE)

Aristotelianism
(c. 335 BCE)

Stoicism
(c. 300 BCE)

Epicureanism
(307 BCE)

Scepticism
(3rd c. BCE)

Neoplatonism
(3rd c. CE)

Confucianism
(6th c. BCE)

Daoism
(6th–4th c. BCE)

Legalism
(3rd c. BCE)

Vedantic Speculation
(800–500 BCE)

Nyāya–Vaiśeṣika
(200 BCE)

Buddhism
(5th c. BCE)

Jainism
(5th c. BCE)

Milesian Naturalism
(585 BCE)

Pythagoreanism
(530 BCE)

Eleatic Monism
(5th c. BCE)

Atomism
(5th c. BCE)

Sophism
(450 BCE)

Cynicism
(400 BCE)

Scholasticism
(12th–14th c.)

Islamic Falsafa & Kalām
(9th–12th c.)

Plato
(427–347 BCE)

Plotinus
(204–270 CE)

Augustine
(354–430 CE)

Aristotle
(384–322 BCE)

Averroes
(1126–1198)

Aquinas
(1225–1274)

Suárez
(1548–1617)

Zeno of Citium
(334–262 BCE)

Chrysippus
(279–206 BCE)

Seneca
(4 BCE–65 CE)

Epictetus
(55–135 CE)

Marcus Aurelius
(121–180 CE)

Epicurus
(341–270 BCE)

Lucretius
(99–55 BCE)

Pyrrho
(360–270 BCE)

Carneades
(214–129 BCE)

Plotinus
(204–270 CE)

Proclus
(412–485 CE)

Confucius
(551–479 BCE)

Mencius
(372–289 BCE)

Xunzi
(310–235 BCE)

Laozi
(6th–4th c. BCE)

Zhuangzi
(4th c. BCE)

Han Feizi
(280–233 BCE)

Vedic Sages
(1500–500 BCE)

Kapila
(700–500 BCE)

Mahavira
(599–527 BCE)

Buddha
(5th c. BCE)

Kaṇāda
(2nd–1st c. BCE)

Gautama (Nyāya)
(2nd c. BCE–2nd c. CE)

Thales
(624–546 BCE)

Anaximander
(610–546 BCE)

Anaximenes
(585–528 BCE)

Heraclitus
(540–480 BCE)

Pythagoras
(570–495 BCE)

Xenophanes
(570–475 BCE)

Parmenides
(515–450 BCE)

Zeno of Elea
(495–430 BCE)

Leucippus
(5th c. BCE)

Democritus
(460–370 BCE)

Protagoras
(490–420 BCE)

Gorgias
(485–380 BCE)

Diogenes
(412–323 BCE)

Anselm
(1033–1109)

Abelard
(1079–1142)

Bonaventure
(1217–1274)

Scotus
(1266–1308)

Ockham
(1287–1347)

Al-Kindi
(801–873)

Al-Farabi
(872–950)

Avicenna
(980–1037)

Al-Ghazali
(1058–1111)

Early Modern Philosophy

Rationalism
(17th c.)

Empiricism
(17th–18th c.)

Enlightenment
(18th c.)

German Idealism
(late 18th–early 19th c.)

Critical Philosophy
(late 18th c.)

René Descartes
(1596–1650)

Baruch Spinoza
(1632–1677)

G. W. Leibniz
(1646–1716)

Francis Bacon
(1561–1626)

Thomas Hobbes
(1588–1679)

John Locke
(1632–1704)

George Berkeley
(1685–1753)

David Hume
(1711–1776)

Thomas Reid
(1710–1796)

Voltaire
(1694–1778)

Denis Diderot
(1713–1784)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau
(1712–1778)

Mary Wollstonecraft
(1759–1797)

Immanuel Kant
(1724–1804)

Johann Fichte
(1762–1814)

Friedrich Schelling
(1775–1854)

G. W. F. Hegel
(1770–1831)

19th & Early 20th Century Philosophy

Utilitarianism
(18th–19th c.)

Marxism
(mid-19th c.)

Existentialism
(19th–20th c.)

Pragmatism
(late 19th–early 20th c.)

Positivism
(mid-19th c.)

Jeremy Bentham
(1748–1832)

John Stuart Mill
(1806–1873)

Karl Marx
(1818–1883)

Søren Kierkegaard
(1813–1855)

Friedrich Nietzsche
(1844–1900)

Charles Sanders Peirce
(1839–1914)

William James
(1842–1910)

Auguste Comte
(1798–1857)

Late 20th to Contemporary Philosophy

Analytic Philosophy
(20th c.)

Logical Positivism
(1920s–40s)

Ordinary Language Philosophy
(1940s–60s)

Virtue Ethics Revival
(mid-20th c.)

Political Philosophy
(20th c.)

Feminist Philosophy
(20th–21st c.)

Continental Thought
(20th c.)

African Philosophy
(20th–21st c.)

Gottlob Frege
(1848–1925)

Bertrand Russell
(1872–1970)

G. E. Moore
(1873–1958)

Ludwig Wittgenstein
(1889–1951)

W. V. O. Quine
(1908–2000)

Saul Kripke
(1940–2022)

Donald Davidson
(1917–2003)

Michael Dummett
(1925–2011)

Rudolf Carnap
(1891–1970)

Gilbert Ryle
(1900–1976)

J. L. Austin
(1911–1960)

P. F. Strawson
(1919–2006)

Elizabeth Anscombe
(1919–2001)

Philippa Foot
(1920–2010)

Alasdair MacIntyre
(b. 1929)

John Rawls
(1921–2002)

Robert Nozick
(1938–2002)

Simone de Beauvoir
(1908–1986)

Carol Gilligan
(b. 1936)

Catharine MacKinnon
(b. 1946)

Martin Heidegger
(1889–1976)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty
(1908–1961)

Jean-Paul Sartre
(1905–1980)

Hans-Georg Gadamer
(1900–2002)

Paul Ricoeur
(1913–2005)

Gilles Deleuze
(1925–1995)

Jacques Derrida
(1930–2004)

H. Odera Oruka
(1944–1995)

Kwasi Wiredu
(1931–2022)

Paulin Hountondji
(b. 1942)

Schools of Thought (Ancient & Early)

Upanishadic / Vedantic Speculation

Sāṃkhya

Confucianism

Daoism

Mohism

Legalism

Nyāya–Vaiśeṣika

Buddhism

Jainism

Milesian Naturalism

Pythagoreanism

Eleatic Monism

Atomism

Pluralism

Philosophers (Ancient & Early)

Vedic & Upanishadic Sages (c. 1500–500 BCE)

Kapila (c. 700–500 BCE)

Confucius (551–479 BCE)

Laozi (6th–4th c. BCE)

Mozi (470–391 BCE)

Zhuangzi (4th c. BCE)

Mencius (372–289 BCE)

Xunzi (310–235 BCE)

Han Feizi (280–233 BCE)

Gautama (Nyāya)

Kaṇāda (Vaiśeṣika)

Siddhartha Gautama (The Buddha) (c. 5th c. BCE)

Mahavira (599–527 BCE)

Thales (624–546 BCE)

Anaximander (610–546 BCE)

Anaximenes (585–528 BCE)

Pythagoras (570–495 BCE)

Xenophanes (570–475 BCE)

Heraclitus (540–480 BCE)

Parmenides (515–450 BCE)

Zeno of Elea (495–430 BCE)

Empedocles (494–434 BCE)

Anaxagoras (500–428 BCE)

Leucippus (5th c. BCE)

Democritus (460–370 BCE)

Schools of Thought (Classical & Hellenistic)

Sophism

Socratic Turn

Platonism

Aristotelianism

Cynicism

Epicureanism

Stoicism

Scepticism

Neoplatonism

Augustinianism

Philosophers (Classical Greek & Hellenistic)

Protagoras (490–420 BCE)

Gorgias (485–380 BCE)

Socrates (469–399 BCE)

Plato (427–347 BCE)

Aristotle (384–322 BCE)

Diogenes of Sinope (412–323 BCE)

Epicurus (341–270 BCE)

Zeno of Citium (334–262 BCE)

Chrysippus (279–206 BCE)

Pyrrho of Elis (360–270 BCE)

Carneades (214–129 BCE)

Lucretius (99–55 BCE)

Cicero (106–43 BCE)

Plotinus (204–270 CE)

Augustine of Hippo (354–430)

Schools of Thought (Medieval & Islamic)

Christian Platonism

Islamic Falsafa

Ash’arite Theology

Latin Scholasticism

Jewish Aristotelianism

Thomism

Augustinianism

Nominalism

Philosophers (Medieval, Islamic, Jewish)

Boethius (477–524)

John Philoponus (6th c.)

Pseudo-Dionysius (5th–6th c.)

Al-Kindi (801–873)

Al-Farabi (872–950)

Avicenna (980–1037)

Al-Ghazali (1058–1111)

Averroes (1126–1198)

Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109)

Peter Abelard (1079–1142)

Maimonides (1138–1204)

Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274)

Bonaventure (1217–1274)

John Duns Scotus (1266–1308)

William of Ockham (1287–1347)

Francisco Suárez (1548–1617)

Schools of Thought (Early Modern)

Scientific Method / Induction

Rationalism

Political Materialism

Monist Rationalism

Empiricism

Subjective Idealism

Skeptical Empiricism

Common-Sense Realism

Enlightenment Humanism

General Will / Social Contract Theory

Early Feminist Philosophy

Critical / Transcendental Philosophy

Philosophers (Early Modern)

Francis Bacon (1561–1626)

René Descartes (1596–1650)

Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)

Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677)

John Locke (1632–1704)

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716)

George Berkeley (1685–1753)

David Hume (1711–1776)

Thomas Reid (1710–1796)

Voltaire (1694–1778)

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778)

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797)

Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)

Schools of Thought (Early Modern)

Renaissance Humanism

Protestant Theology

Political Realism

Empiricism

Rationalism

Idealism

Social Contract Theory

Scientific Method

Philosophers (Early Modern)

Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527)

Erasmus (1466–1536)

Martin Luther (1483–1546)

John Calvin (1509–1564)

Francis Bacon (1561–1626)

René Descartes (1596–1650)

Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)

Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677)

John Locke (1632–1704)

Gottfried Leibniz (1646–1716)

George Berkeley (1685–1753)

David Hume (1711–1776)

Thomas Reid (1710–1796)

Schools of Thought (19th Century)

Critical Philosophy

Utilitarianism

German Idealism

Pessimism

Positivism

Existentialism

Marxism

Pragmatism

Philosophers (19th Century)

Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)

Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832)

G. W. F. Hegel (1770–1831)

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860)

Auguste Comte (1798–1857)

John Stuart Mill (1806–1873)

Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855)

Karl Marx (1818–1883)

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)

Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914)

William James (1842–1910)

Schools of Thought (20th & Contemporary)

Analytic Philosophy

Logical Positivism

Ordinary Language Philosophy

Existentialism

Phenomenology

Hermeneutics

Continental Philosophy

Pragmatism

Virtue Ethics Revival

Political Philosophy

Feminist Philosophy

African Philosophy

Philosophers (20th & Contemporary)

Gottlob Frege (1848–1925)

Bertrand Russell (1872–1970)

G. E. Moore (1873–1958)

Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951)

Martin Heidegger (1889–1976)

Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970)

Karl Popper (1902–1994)

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980)

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961)

W. V. O. Quine (1908–2000)

Gilbert Ryle (1900–1976)

J. L. Austin (1911–1960)

Donald Davidson (1917–2003)

P. F. Strawson (1919–2006)

Michael Dummett (1925–2011)

Saul Kripke (1940–2022)

Elizabeth Anscombe (1919–2001)

Philippa Foot (1920–2010)

Alasdair MacIntyre (b. 1929)

John Rawls (1921–2002)

Robert Nozick (1938–2002)

Paul Ricoeur (1913–2005)

Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–2002)

Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995)

Jacques Derrida (1930–2004)

Simone de Beauvoir (1908–1986)

Kwasi Wiredu (1931–2022)

Schools of Thought

Upanishadic Speculation

Sāṃkhya

Confucianism

Daoism

Mohism

Legalism

Nyāya–Vaiśeṣika

Buddhism

Jainism

Milesian Naturalism

Pythagoreanism

Eleatic Monism

Pluralism

Atomism

Sophism

Socratic Turn

Platonism

Aristotelianism

Cynicism

Epicureanism

Stoicism

Scepticism

Neoplatonism

Augustinianism

Christian Platonism

Islamic Falsafa

Ash’arite Theology

Jewish Aristotelianism

Scholasticism

Thomism

Nominalism

Philosophers

Vedic & Upanishadic Sages (c.1500–500 BCE)

Kapila (c.700–500 BCE)

Confucius (551–479 BCE)

Laozi (6th–4th c. BCE)

Mozi (470–391 BCE)

Zhuangzi (4th c. BCE)

Mencius (372–289 BCE)

Xunzi (310–235 BCE)

Han Feizi (280–233 BCE)

Gautama (Nyāya)

Kaṇāda (Vaiśeṣika)

The Buddha (5th c. BCE)

Mahavira (599–527 BCE)

Thales (624–546 BCE)

Anaximander (610–546 BCE)

Anaximenes (585–528 BCE)

Pythagoras (570–495 BCE)

Xenophanes (570–475 BCE)

Heraclitus (540–480 BCE)

Parmenides (515–450 BCE)

Zeno of Elea (495–430 BCE)

Empedocles (494–434 BCE)

Anaxagoras (500–428 BCE)

Leucippus (5th c. BCE)

Democritus (460–370 BCE)

Protagoras (490–420 BCE)

Gorgias (485–380 BCE)

Socrates (469–399 BCE)

Plato (427–347 BCE)

Aristotle (384–322 BCE)

Diogenes (412–323 BCE)

Epicurus (341–270 BCE)

Zeno of Citium (334–262 BCE)

Chrysippus (279–206 BCE)

Pyrrho (360–270 BCE)

Carneades (214–129 BCE)

Lucretius (99–55 BCE)

Cicero (106–43 BCE)

Plotinus (204–270 CE)

Augustine (354–430)

Boethius (477–524)

John Philoponus

Pseudo-Dionysius

Al-Kindi (801–873)

Al-Farabi (872–950)

Avicenna (980–1037)

Al-Ghazali (1058–1111)

Averroes (1126–1198)

Anselm (1033–1109)

Peter Abelard (1079–1142)

Maimonides (1138–1204)

Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274)

Bonaventure (1217–1274)

Duns Scotus (1266–1308)

William of Ockham (1287–1347)

Francisco Suárez (1548–1617)

Schools of Thought

Political Realism

Humanism

Protestant Theology

Empiricism

Rationalism

Social Contract Theory

Scientific Method

Critical Philosophy

Utilitarianism

German Idealism

Pessimism

Positivism

Existentialism

Marxism

Pragmatism

Analytic Philosophy

Logical Positivism

Ordinary Language Philosophy

Phenomenology

Hermeneutics

Continental Philosophy

Virtue Ethics Revival

Political Philosophy

Feminist Philosophy

African Philosophy

Philosophers

Machiavelli (1469–1527)

Erasmus (1466–1536)

Martin Luther (1483–1546)

John Calvin (1509–1564)

Francis Bacon (1561–1626)

Descartes (1596–1650)

Hobbes (1588–1679)

Spinoza (1632–1677)

Locke (1632–1704)

Leibniz (1646–1716)

Berkeley (1685–1753)

Hume (1711–1776)

Reid (1710–1796)

Voltaire (1694–1778)

Diderot (1713–1784)

Rousseau (1712–1778)

Wollstonecraft (1759–1797)

Kant (1724–1804)

Bentham (1748–1832)

Hegel (1770–1831)

Schopenhauer (1788–1860)

Comte (1798–1857)

Mill (1806–1873)

Kierkegaard (1813–1855)

Marx (1818–1883)

Nietzsche (1844–1900)

Peirce (1839–1914)

James (1842–1910)

Frege (1848–1925)

Russell (1872–1970)

Moore (1873–1958)

Wittgenstein (1889–1951)

Heidegger (1889–1976)

Carnap (1891–1970)

Popper (1902–1994)

Sartre (1905–1980)

Merleau-Ponty (1908–1961)

Quine (1908–2000)

Ryle (1900–1976)

Austin (1911–1960)

Davidson (1917–2003)

Strawson (1919–2006)

Dummett (1925–2011)

Kripke (1940–2022)

Anscombe (1919–2001)

Foot (1920–2010)

MacIntyre (b. 1929)

Rawls (1921–2002)

Nozick (1938–2002)

Ricoeur (1913–2005)

Gadamer (1900–2002)

Deleuze (1925–1995)

Derrida (1930–2004)

de Beauvoir (1908–1986)

Kwasi Wiredu (1931–2022)

3Hu1f6Xx: Plato

gmcwvSLD: Aristotle

nENIJhfx: Epicurus

db8EV8uT: 60.12.1 Stoicism

BlCoGG0Q: Plato