1,266,393 Cubans have left the country since 2021 (12.9% of the population) 

• 1,011,269 left from January 2021 to December 2023, according to government statistics.
• 145,124 crossed the US border from January 2024 to August 2024
• 110,000 entered the US through the humanitarian parole program.

The population of Cuba is now at the most 9,800,844.
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You know Cuba is the only country where if the government sees you with Beef meat you get 10 years of jail and if you kill a Cow you get 20 years.
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Yes. There are several news-reported estimates online, but they are talking about different things, so they are not interchangeable.
The biggest recent estimates are about the post-2021 exodus. Reuters reported in September 2024 that estimates suggested Cuba’s population had declined by up to 18% in just the prior two years, citing demographer Juan Carlos Albizu-Campos’s estimate that the population had fallen to 8.62 million, while official figures were higher.
Other news reports used a more conservative official framing. Semafor reported in July 2024 that more than 10% of Cuba’s population left the island between 2022 and 2023, describing it as the largest migration wave in the country’s history.
Reuters also reported in October 2024 that upwards of one million Cubans had left since 2020, which it described as roughly a tenth of the population.
For a narrower U.S.-bound measure, Reuters reported in November 2023 that more than 400,000 Cubans had left for the United States in the prior two years. That is not the same as total global emigration, but it is one of the clearer Reuters figures for the recent wave.
There are also broader diaspora-style estimates. An AP report from April 2026 described Cuba as having a shrinking population due to emigration and humanitarian crisis, though that piece did not give a clean single “X% have left” figure by itself.
So the clean takeaway is:

• About 10%: official-style reporting for 2022–2023.
• Roughly 10%: Reuters estimate for since 2020, based on 1 million+ departures.
• Up to 18%: higher-end estimate from an independent demographer cited by Reuters for the recent exodus.
• 400,000+ to the U.S. alone in two years: important, but not the same as total emigration.
  So if you are looking for a simple news-based estimate you can quote, the safest phrasing is:
  “Recent news reports have estimated that roughly 10% of Cuba’s population left in the recent migration wave, while some demographers cited by Reuters put the figure as high as 18%.”