Ideologies
Political Theory
- How would ought to be
- Analytic Consistency
- Post-Analytic Theories
- Post-Colonialism
- Post-Structuralism
- Nietzschean
- Hegelian
- Marxism
- Closer to ideology
- Can’t test
- Can’t test
Pro/Anti-System Ideology
- Greek Nationalism
- Utopian Socialism
- Brook Farm
Political Science
- How the world is
- Institutional Economic Cultural theories
- Motivations
Thick & Thin Ideologies
- Thin
- Feminism
- Populism
- Conservatism
- Nationalism
- Thick
- Liberalism
- Socialism
- Conservatism
- Combined
- Nationalist populism
- Socialist Ecologium
Psychological Foundations
- Change as loss or stimulating
- Order-seeking
- Personality links to political ideology
- 1/3 - 1/2 Heritable (cultural)
- Not party identification
Emotions > Logic Evidence
Nature vs Nurture
- Anarchism
- People good, corrupted by society
- Blank Slate
- People good, corrupted by society
- Liberalism
- Humans Selfish
- Can be Harnessed
- Humans Selfish
- Marxist Socialism
- Blank Slate
Nationalism
- Levels of Ethnicity
- Multi-Ethnic States
- Pride and Humiliation
- Germany
- China
- Left & Right Nationalism
- Left
- Secular
- Liberal
- Ethnic
- Different Visions
- Right
- Religious
- Conservative
- Civic
- within
- Left
- Causes of Diversity in Africa
- Geography
- Ecosystems
Theories
- Schools
- Ethmosymbolist
- Modernist
- Blank Slate
- State First
- Culture Second
- Theory dominates
Modernity
- Capitalism
- Common Laws
- Overthrow of Kings & Gods
- We the People
- Popular Sovereignty
- Link Liberalism & Democracy
- Territoralism
- Language
- Mass Education
- Military Police
Meanings
- Ideology
- Bleed
- Enlightenment (Jean-Jacques Rousseau)
- Counter-Enlightenment (German Romantic)
- Bleed
- Concrete Movement
State
- Geographical
- Political Vast
- Monopoly Organized force
- Military
- Police
Ethnic Group
- Specific Homeland
- Social Group
- Myth of Common Ancestry
- Proper Name
- Historical memories
- One element of common culture
Nation
- Imagined community
- Mass public culture
- Common myths and memories
- Economy communication
- Some political aspiration
- Territory
- Proper name
Liberalism
- Ought
- Equality
- Property
- Freedom
- Is
- Not Blank Slate
- Not born good
- Human pursue self-interest
- Plan
- Reform
- Revolution
- 1776
- 1688
- 1789
- Positive Liberty
- Substantive
- Ideal
- Focus on the good
- Reason
- Individualism
- John Stuart Mill
- Negative Liberty
- Jeremy Bentham
- No judgement about good
- Procedural
- Liberal ≠ Left
- Right Liberalism
- Economic liberalism
- Left Liberalism
- Cultural liberalism
- Both have Free Speech
- Right Liberalism
People
- Jeremy Bentham
- Maximize Freedom
- Utilitarianism
- Agnostic about good
- Happiness - Suffering
- John Stuart Mill
- Higher Pleasures
- Knowledge
- Positive Conception of Liberty
- Benefit of Civilization
- Higher Pleasures
Economic Liberalism
- Free market
- Adam Smith
- Private Interest = Beneficial for all
- Private Vice makes public virtue
- Market Demand
- Invisible Hand
- Private Interest = Beneficial for all
- Utilitarian
Cultural
- Negative Liberty
- Religious Freedom
- Positive Liberty
- Expressive individualism
- Toleration
History
- Ancient Greece + Roman + Judeo-Christian
- England
- Legal Rights in 1215
- Magna Carta
- King’s Power restricted
- Rights for elites
- Constitutional system
- Magna Carta
- Common Law
- 1642-1651
- Civil War
- Economic Reasons
- Industrialization
- Less Oppression
- Large Middle Class
- Don’t need to tax peasants
- Industrialization
- About Liberalism not democracy
- 18th Century
- Civil Rights
- Free Press
- John Wikes
- Reforms
- National Identity
- Habeas Corpus
- Legal Rights in 1215
- American Revolution
- John Locke
- Constitution Written down
- Small land owners in North
- Broad based economy
- Local Government
- National Identity
- Vote without owning property
- Revolutionary
- French Revolution
- 1789
- Declaration on Rights of Man
- Less Preconditions
- Tax peasants
- Strong bureaucracy
- National Identity
- Few checks and balances
- Releases into Monarchy
- Napoleon
- Islamic World
- 11th Century
- Islamic thinkers influenced by Greek philosophy, sidelined by conservative Islam
- Cultural Liberalism didn’t flourish
- Islamic thinkers influenced by Greek philosophy, sidelined by conservative Islam
- Socialism
- Nasserism
- Baathism
- Ottoman Tanzimat Reforms
- Limited
- 1839
- Tainted by ‘infidel’ association
- Religious Law
- Sharia
- No individual liberty
- Toleration of Worship
- Ottoman
- 11th Century
- Expansion in 1980s
- Illiberal Democracy
- Lack of Rights protections
- Illiberal Democracy
Varieties
- Majority protection
- Religious authority freedom
- Checks on executive
- Individual rights against state
Liberalism ≠ Democracy
- Democracy
- Periodic elections
- Freedom dissent
- Term limits
- Majority Rule
- Liberalism
- Free press
- Minority Rights
- Constitutional rights
- Freedom from arrest
- Checks on executive
- Individual Liberty
- Minority vs. Majority Clash
Conservatism
- Society as organism
- Harmony > Clashes
- Wisdom of tradition and precedent
- Order & stability; not change
- Anti-Free Market a bit
- Now the right adopted economic liberalism
Is, Ought, Plan
- Humans imperfect not blank slate
- Uphold social order, incremental change
- Evolution not Revolution
1700s
- John Locke
- Social Contract
- First Principles
- Edmund Burke
- Against French Revolution
- Society as organic
- Pursue change humbly
- Respect tradition
- American Revolution
- Classical liberalism
- Lockean
- Canada
- 1783
- “Peace, order and good government.”
- Typical at time
- Monarchy + Religious Authority
- France
- 1789 Revolution
- People > King Power
- God -> Monarch -> Aristocracy -> Social Order
- France
- Monarchy + Religious Authority
18th -> 19th Century
- One Nation toryism
- Christian Democracy
- Bringing closer to socialism
Populist Right
- Direct Democracy
- anti-elitism
- Liberal
- Anti-Hierarchy
- 21st Century
- Europe
- Trump
Core
- Attitude
- Safety
- National security
- Change ok if going back to Golden Age
- Attachments
- Western Civilization
- Institutions
- Liberalism
- Constitution
- Religion
- Nation
- Family
- People
Traditional Conservatism
- Burkean
- Slow Change
- Cautious about greed and free markets
- Suspicious about new money
- Paternalistic on welfare system
- Hierarchy
- Church
- Family
- Nation
Cold War
- Neoliberalism
- Libertarianism
- Economic Focus
- Cut taxes and spending
- Deregulation
- Influenced by
- Hayek
- Rand
- Friedman
- Thrift discipline work
- Thatcher & Reagan
- Neoconservatism
- Democracy promotion
- ‘New Right’
- Free Market Liberalism
After Cold War
- Euphoria
- Globalization
- End of Bipolar World
- Doesn’t Last
National Populism, National Conservatism
- 1980s-2000s
- Religion opposes nationalism
- France
- Turkey
- Zionism
- Arab Nationalism
Republican Party Fusionism
- Market Liberalism
- Neoconservatism
- Religious Right
Populism
- Trump
- Small dollar donors
Socialism
- Is
- Humans are malleable
- Socialization
- Moral Creatures
- Blank Slate
- Environment
- Socialization
- Ought
- Equality of outcome
- Plan
- Revolution or Reform
- 1949 China
- October Revolution
- 1917 Russia
- Cuba 1959
- Revolution or Reform
Types
- Libertarian socialism
- New Left
- 1960s+
- No Fraternity
- Identity group focused
- Communal
- Marxist Left
- Christian socialism
- Laborism
- Chinese communism
History
- Utopian Socialists
- Communal Work
- People
- Charles Farier
- Henri de Saint-Simon
- Robert Owen
- New Harmony, Indiana Colony
- Leader most powerful
- No selfishness
- Work for credit for town store
- New Harmony, Indiana Colony
- 19th Century
- Midwest
- Collectivistic
- Share property
- Free love
- Fourierism
- Liberty & Equality
- Colts Neck, NJ
- Anarchist Libertarian
- Sexually rejected
- Work for common good
- Anarchism
- Communes
- Leaderless
- Anti-social Norms
- Human freedom
- Anti-State
- State
- Engels
- indoctrinating
- Community Utopia
- Each get same amount; regardless of work effect
- Marx
- Oppressed vs Oppressor
- 1: Economics, 2: Culture
- 4 Stages of History
-
- Primitive
-
- Slave
-
- Feudal
-
- Capitalist
-
- Socialist
- No point to build socialism yet during 1-3
-
- Capitalists / Workers
- Falling rate of profit
- Exploit workers for wealth
- Criticism
- Labor theory of Value
- Value = Meeting consumer demands, low cost
- Not exploited labor
- Value = Meeting consumer demands, low cost
- Rate of Profit
- Doesn’t fall tech improvement
- Desire & caskc to supply
- New demand products
- Command & Control Economy
- New Goods
- Inefficient
- Rising Demands
- Wisdom of Crowds
- Price Signal
- Labor theory of Value
Power
- State Socialism
- Lenin
- Communist part all the power
- Controls property
- Collective
- Agriculture
- Industrialization
- Lenin
Post-1945
- Berlin Wall
- Communitarian Socialism vs. Liberal Democracy
Social Democracy
- Less Authoritarian
- Improve working class
- Workers vote
- Women
- non-property holders
Fate
- Post-War boom ends
- After 1945-1973
- Rise of
- Thatcher
- Reagan
- Europe left out of power
- 1989
- Collapse of USSR
- Decline of Unions
Fascism
- Society as organism
- Control thought
- Rallies
- Charismatic Leader
- Where power comes from
- non-democratic collective will
- Type of Nationalism
- Militarist
- State power
- No minority rights
- Support in West
- Britain
- France
- Looked at jokes
- Insecure vs. Secure Countries
- Thin Ideology
- Socialist Link
- Mussolini
- Hitler’s Ideal
- Mussolini
- Other times at war
- Stalin influence
- State over individual
Nazi Germany
- Peasant virtues
- Anti-Urban - Return to past
- Tribal
- Race based
- Social Darwinism Eugenics
- Fabian Socialists
- Widespread Early 20th Century intellectuals
- Seen as “modern”
- Scientific Racialism - Material Factors
- Depression
- Youth Bulge
- Countryside to Cities - Territorial Expansion
- Anti-Semitism
- Already in 1880s
- WWI
- Humiliation
- Co-ethics stranded in lost territory
- Living Space
Mussolini
- Backward and future looking
- Futurism
- Church bend to state
- Politics based
- Gentile
- Internal repression
- Hegel
Neo-fascism
- Griffin’s four post-war trends → Fascism - Roger Griffin
- Far-right vs Populist Right
- Social cohesion
- Accept Democratic system
- Fascism does not
- Not expansionist
- Right the wrongs in history
Nationalism
- Thin Ideology
- Ethnic German vs Civil Italian neo-Roman
- Eastern European successionist 19th Century
- Emerges after French Revolution 1789
- Popular sovereignty or will
- Community
- Fascism is the Extreme version
Sources
- Hegel
- Nation
- Spirit
- Influences Gentile
- Survival of the fittest
- Attacks Christianity Humanitarian Socialism
- Against Enlightenment Liberalism
- Rousseau
- General Will
- Nietzsche
- Superman
- Will to power
- Slave Morality
- Bad to be wealthy
- Hates Democracy, Socialism, Communism
- Hates Christianity
- Yourself > Others
- Pride > Humility
- God < Will to Power
Culture
- Cohesion
- Generally does not want individualism
- Importance of Past
Economic
- Corporatism
- Pragmatic
Feminism
- Thin Ideology
- Biology
- Social Constructionist
- Dominate
- Is
- Male on female oppression
- Ought
- Gender equality
- Seperation
- Minority
- Plan
- Reform
- Revolution
- Nature vs. Nuture
- Economic vs Cultural
- Structure vs Agency
- Plan or Action
- Difference
- Defense of boundaries distinctiveness
- Equality
- Fluid Boundaries
- Gender as identity
- Gender as one strand or wider leftist struggle
- Difference
- Links
- Liberal feminism
- Socialist Feminism
- Revolution
- Based on class
- Radical Feminism
- Gender roles
- New Left
- Private sphere as well
History
First Wave
- Wasn’t a left wing movement. Wasn’t a left and right at the time.
Second Wave
- 20th Century
- Social Feminism
- Engels
- Capitalist Exploitation
- Radical difference feminism
- Political Lesbianism
Third Wave
- Trans-feminism
- Queer Theory
- Intersectionality
- Oppression Points
- Deemphasizing Biology
Anti-Racism
- Clustering of Traits
- Continum
- Race boundaries are mostly social constructed
- Ability to see racism by face
- Ethnic Groups
- Race can serve as a boundary marker between ethnic groups
- Supra-ethnic groups
- Latin Americans
- Arabs
- White Americans
- “Race” was used for ethnic groups prior to 1960s
- Ethnic Chauvinism and Racism
- Benjamin Franklin “swerthy” sweeds
- Scientific Racism 19th Century
- Liberal Precursors
- Civil Rights Movement
- Equality of Opportunity -> Result
- Lyndon Johnson
- “equality as a result”
- Lyndon Johnson
- Post 1960s
- 1980s-1990s
- Critical Race Theory
- Activism
- Cultural Psychological
- Speech Codes
- Media
- Healing Circles
- Structural
- Unions
- Immigration Quotas
- Poison
- Jobs
- Cultural Psychological
Mindmap
